European Power price scenarios: Q4 update
Our latest quarterly update to the European power price scenarios has now been implemented. This Q4 2025 update refines our commodity price assumptions, deepens the hydrogen narrative, and recalibrates key national inputs to give you a clearer view of long-term price levels and risks.
Updated commodity and CO₂ price assumptions
For this update, we align our long-term fuel price paths with the IEA World Energy Outlook 2025. While “Tensions” and “GoHydrogen” follow the updated NZE pathway, the “Central” scenario continues to use the WEO 2024 CO₂ and fuel price assumptions to ensure continuity and comparability with previous analyses.Hydrogen-linked gas pricing and scenario continuity
In the medium term, European gas prices are linked more closely to global LNG markets, with US LNG as the main reference. From 2050, gas turbines are assumed to run more and more with green hydrogen. This reflect the rising share of hydrogen in power generation, leading to higher long-term fuel cost levels than in previous outlooks, where we assume the WEO prices after 2050. To underpin this shift, we now use Montel’s new HyPE model as the basis for long-term hydrogen costs, which in turn anchor our post-2050 gas price assumptions.Scenario refinements: Central, Tensions, GoHydrogen and sensitivity
The “Central” scenario continues to reflect national climate targets and a strongly decentralised, renewables-driven system with rising flexible demand. The “Tensions” scenario assumes intensified geopolitical and social frictions, higher gas and CO₂ prices, and a slower energy transition. “GoHydrogen” models an accelerated transformation towards climate neutrality with a leading role for hydrogen in industry, transport and heating. In addition, the “Central Delayed EEG” sensitivity now explicitly captures the impact of slower renewable expansion in Germany and its spill-over effects on neighbouring markets.Country-level fleet and demand updates
We have updated thermal and renewable capacity pathways for several countries, including the UK, Italy, Spain, Hungary, Slovakia, Romania and Bulgaria, based on the latest ERAA, TYNDP and national scenario data. These changes affect both security-of-supply assessments and regional price levels, with particularly noticeable price effects in parts Eastern Europe, while in Central and South Europe the price effect are small. Demand profiles have also been revised to reflect updated expectations for electrolysers, heat pumps and electromobility.Enhanced flexibility, volatility and capture price analysis
The updated scenarios show a further shift from inflexible to flexible demand, with flexible loads reaching around one-third of total demand by mid-century. In parallel, we improve the treatment of large-scale battery storage and its interaction with high renewable feed-in hours, leading to higher capture prices. Finally, we provide some detail on price volatility and capture prices for wind and solar, highlighting cannibalisation effects in the 2030s and the stabilising role of flexible demand after 2040.